Solar panels in conservation areas: the expert guide

With the continuing problem of manmade climate change alongside high energy bills, installing clean technology like solar panels is becoming ever more important. 

But if you live in a conservation area, there are a few extra steps you need to follow to install your own solar array. In this article, we’ll run through the nuts and bolts of installing solar panels in a conservation area. 

If you’re thinking of switching to solar, find out how much a solar & battery system could save you by answering a few quick questions below - then we’ll generate a rough estimate.

What is a conservation area?

A conservation area is a designated zone protected for its notable environmental, historical, or cultural value. Local planning authorities set aside these areas to preserve their natural state and legally protect them from overdevelopment or destruction.

How many conservation areas are there in the UK?

As of January 2024, there are 8,923 conservation areas in the UK. According to Historic England, the area this covers is larger than Luxembourg - or around 2.2% of England’s land mass.

Can you install solar panels in a conservation area?

You can install solar panels in a conservation area, but it can be a long process and you will usually need special permissions.

The key is to ensure your installation won’t harm the area's special appearance or historical significance - so, for example, a proposal to put solar panels on a building next to a monument will most likely be unsuccessful.

Before you plan any works, check with the relevant local planning authority to understand what you can and can't do in the conservation area. Each conservation area might have its own specific set of rules, and it’s their job to evaluate your plans. You definitely don't want to part with the high upfront cost of solar panels without checking you're actually allowed them in the first place.

What are the planning restrictions for solar panels in conservation areas?

If you want to install solar panels in conservation areas, there are several restrictions to be aware of:

1. You’ll need planning permission from the local planning authority beforehand (more on this below) in most cases. If the property is also listed​​​​, you’ll need listed building consent.
2. The solar panels should blend in with the existing architecture, so that they’re not an eyesore. Also, they shouldn’t be obviously visible from any public highways (which means footpaths as well as roads)​​​​​.
3. Regardless of the location, building regulations around the weight of the panels, electrical safety, and fire protection also apply to ensure the safety and structural integrity of the solar panel installation.

Given the complexities involved, it's prudent to seek expert guidance from heritage specialists and architects familiar with conservation area rules to make sure you're meeting all the regulations.

Why are installation rules stricter for conservation areas?

There are strict rules in conservation areas in order to preserve their historical and architectural significance intact, while also striking a balance with modern technology.

The rules make sure that new additions (like solar panels) don't mess with the area's charm. This way, the special qualities that make these areas worth conserving are maintained for future generations.

How to get planning permission for solar panels in a conservation area

Each council may have their own rules for how they manage their conservation areas, so do your homework on the local requirements before you apply for planning permission to install solar panels in a conservation area.

The submission process typically involves completing an application form and giving the local planning authority all the details on your proposed solar panel installation. This is where you’ll include detailed plans that illustrate where the solar panels will be installed and what they'll look like, emphasising how they’ll integrate with the existing architecture and surroundings.

Following submission, there’s often a consultation process where neighbours and other interested parties can view and comment on your proposal. It’s an important step, as it allows for community input and keeps the decision-making process transparent.

Finally, you'll have to wait for the local planning authority to make their decision. When they review your application, they'll consider how the solar panels will affect the conservation area. At this stage, they can approve, reject, or ask for changes to your application.

What is Article 4 and why is it relevant?

An Article 4 Direction is a special regulation used by local planning authorities. It limits certain types of development or changes to buildings that don't usually need planning permission, like installing solar panels or replacing windows.

The application of an Article 4 Direction means that even minor changes to a property in a conservation area need formal planning permission, ensuring any modifications respect the area's historical or architectural significance.

Can neighbours object to your solar panel planning application?

When you apply for planning permission, your neighbours may object to your solar panel plans. During the public consultation process of your application, anyone can raise concerns about how your solar panels might affect the neighbourhood appearance, their property, or even their light access.

The planning authority takes these objections into account when they decide on your application, but the objections must be based on valid planning concerns.

How to improve your chances of getting planning approval

To increase the chances of your solar panel installation being approved in a conservation area, you can make a few upfront choices, such as:

• Working with experienced planning consultants who understand local regulations and can advise on the most appropriate design and positioning
• Choosing locations for the solar panels that are less visible, such as rear-facing roofs or areas not easily seen from the street
• Selecting solar panel styles that blend in with your roof or building’s design, such as solar tiles. Black solar panels tend to look much more appealing than blue
• Opting for smaller or fewer panels to minimise the visual impact in relation to the size of your roof or building
• Discussing your plans with neighbours and addressing their concerns before submitting your application

If you put some effort into laying the groundwork for your planning permission application, you'll up your chances of getting approval for your installation.

How to find out if you live in a conservation area

To find out if you live in a conservation area, look at your local council website. Most will have an interactive map or search tool where you can check if your home falls into the boundaries of a conservation area.

You can also contact your local planning authority directly for detailed information about conservation areas, including when it was established, its boundaries, the reasons for its designation, and the level of legal protection it has. To find your local planning authority, enter your postcode into the PlanningPortal website search tool.

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Solar panels in conservation areas: FAQs